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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.advisor | Colom Codina, Helena | - |
dc.contributor.author | Martínez Illamola, Silvia | - |
dc.contributor.other | Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2013-05-03T09:41:39Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2014-02-01T23:01:46Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2013-02-01 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/41598 | - |
dc.description.abstract | [eng] The aim of this study was to establish the population pharmacokinetics of amikacin in newborns from serum concentration data obtained during the routine therapeutic drug monitoring and to explore the influence of patient covariates on drug disposition. To validate the developed model in into a external dataset, belonging to the same population as the development group, to evaluate the current dose regimen and to optimize the first dose recommendations, were also aims of the study. Data were retrospectively collected for a study in newborns with postnatal age less than 90 days admitted in the neonatal unit of Vall Hebron (July 2000 to July 2006) who were treated with amikacin and with at least two serum concentration data of the aminoglycoside. Amikacin was administered as an i.v. infusion over 30 or 60 min. Blood samples were collected just before (“through”) and 1h after start of the infusion (“peak”). Demographic, clinical and amikacin dosing and concentration data were collected. Amikacin serum concentration measurements were done using fluorescence polarization immunoassay (TDx; Abbott Laboratories). Population PK analysis was performed from 149 newborns using the non linear mixed-effect approach (NONMEM version VII). The First order conditional estimation method (FOCE) with interaction was used throughough all the model bulding process.The PK of amikacin after iv administration was best described by a two-compartment linear disposition model. Between-patient variabilities expressed as coefficient of variation (CV%) were associated to total plasma clearance (CL) (16.39%) , central compartment distribution volume (V1) (25.23%) and distributional clearance (Q) (40.08%). Residual variability, modelled as a combined error model (proportional + additive), was 6.97% and 15.37%, respectively. Creatinine Clearance (CLCR) and body weight (WGT) were the most influential covariates in CL, and WGT was in V1. The final population model is: TVCL=0.133•(CLCR/31.97)0.649•x(WGT/1880)0.752 and TVV1=0.837•(WGT/1880)1.09. The external validation as well as th internal validation either through bootstrapping, or by Visual Predictive Check, prediction-corrected visual predictive check, posterior predictive check, or by normalised prediction distribution errors, suggested a good predictive ability for the developed model. The several simulations based on the final pharmacokinetic estimates of the model showed the influence of the covariates identified as significant in the serum amikacin concentrations, demonstrating the ability of the model to stablish optimal initial doses of amikacin for the treatment of neonatal sepsis. Due to the possibility of including the model in clinical pharmacokinetic software, the use of this model could improve the design of initial amikacin dosage in neonate populations and provide feedback adjustments of dosage regimens to achieve desired serum concentrations. | eng |
dc.description.abstract | [cat] L’amikacina és un antibiòtic amb un efecte bactericida concentració depenent, inhibint la síntesi proteica, que és àmpliament utilitzat en el tractament de les sèpsies greus causades per bacils gram negatius. L’objectiu principal d’aquest estudi fou establir els paràmetres farmacocinètics de l’amikacina en nounats a partir de les dades de concentració sèrica obtingudes en la monitorització rutinària del fàrmac i identificar la influència de covariables i la variabilitat interindividual (VII) associada. Validar el model desenvolupat en una població externa, avaluar el règim de dosificació utilitzat i optimitzar les recomanacions de dosis inicials a administrar, van ser altres objectius. L’anàlisi farmacocinètic es va realitzar en una població de 149 individus utilitzant el programa NONMEM VII. La farmacocinètica de l’amikacina es va descriure amb un model bicompartimental amb entrada de fàrmac d’acord amb una cinètica d’ordre zero i eliminació de primer ordre. La VII va ser inclosa tant en l’aclariment (CL) com en el volum de distribució en el compartiment central (V1) i en el volum de distribució intercompartimental (Q), coeficient de variació (CV) del 16.39%, 25.23% i 40.08%, respectivament. El CV de l’error residual, modelitzat amb un component additiu i un proporcional, va ser del 6.97% i 15.34%, respectivament. El pes actual (WGT) i l’aclariment de creatinina (CLCR) van demostrar ser variables predictores del CL, i el WGT també del V1. Els valors estimats finals de l’CL i del V1 venen donats per TVCL=0.133•(CLCR/31.97)0.649•x(WGT/1880)0.752 i TVV1=0.837•(WGT/1880)1.09. L’avaluació del model final en una població externa, com a través de tècniques de validació internes, van demostrar la seva robustesa i capacitat de predicció. Diferents simulacions basades en les estimes farmacocinètiques finals del model van posar de manifest la influència de les covariables identificades en les concentracions sèriques d’amikacina, i van demostrar la capacitat del model per a establir dosis inicials òptimes del fàrmac pel tractament de les sèpsies neonatals. Aquest model podrà ser introduït en un programa Bayesià de farmacocinètica utilitzat en la pràctica clínica que permetrà optimitzar les dosis inicials a administrar i realitzar ajustos de dosi durant el tractament. | cat |
dc.format.extent | 230 p. | cat |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
dc.language.iso | eng | cat |
dc.publisher | Universitat de Barcelona | - |
dc.rights | (c) Martínez Illamola, 2013 | - |
dc.source | Tesis Doctorals - Departament - Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica | - |
dc.subject.classification | Farmacocinètica | - |
dc.subject.classification | Antibiòtics | - |
dc.subject.classification | Neonatologia | - |
dc.subject.other | Pharmacokinetics | - |
dc.subject.other | Antibiotics | - |
dc.subject.other | Neonatology | - |
dc.title | Development of a population pharmacokinetic model to determine the optimal doses of amikacin in the treatment of neonatal sepsis | eng |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis | - |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | - |
dc.identifier.dl | B. 5550-2013 | cat |
dc.rights.accessRights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | - |
dc.identifier.tdx | http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104267 | - |
Appears in Collections: | Tesis Doctorals - Departament - Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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01.SMI_PhD_THESIS.pdf | 3.03 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open | |
02.SMI_RESUM_TESI.pdf | 798.16 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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